Short answer Check domain-controller replication summary and error details with two focused queries.
When to use it
When AD, GPO, user or group changes differ between domain controllers.
Summary
repadmin /replsummary
repadmin /showrepl * /errorsonlyNote
Focus on failures and highest delta.
PowerShell errors
Get-ADReplicationPartnerMetadata -Target * -Scope Forest | Where-Object {$_.LastReplicationResult -ne 0} | Select-Object Server,Partner,LastReplicationAttempt,LastReplicationResultNote
Any nonzero result is an error code.
Caution
Do not reflexively force synchronization before fixing DNS, time or connectivity causes.